SexThis chapter introduces to us two different diseases: Prader-Willi and Angelman's syndrome. Both are gentic diseases and both are caused by the lack of chromosome 15. Inheriting these diseases depends on what parent carries the gene. Prader Willi comes from the father while Angelman's comes from the mother. This is linked to "sex" because it demonstrates the power of paternal genes. These diseases are inherited sexually and so therefor this chapter's name is sex. The mother and father have different controls over different inherited genes. This book tells us that the mother's genes have control over the cerebral cortex and the dad has control over the hypothalamus. According to this we know that we generally inherit our mom's way of thinking and our dad's moods.
Friday, June 1, 2012
chromosome 9
Disease
This chapter talks about the different blood types and each of their characteristics. They speak of O being the universal donor and who can donate to who. It also speaks of immunity and susceptibility to different diseases like cholera (A and AB) and malaria (O). The example used is sickle-cell disease vs. malaria. It is known that many of the African population carry either one or both genes for sickle-cell anemia because of the link to the allele’s resistance to malaria. Ridley explains that many alleles of these type of alleles are difficult to get rid of because some contribute to the resistance of more severe diseases. Basically this chapter says there is no stable changes. Genome will keep changing and evolutionizing.
This chapter talks about the different blood types and each of their characteristics. They speak of O being the universal donor and who can donate to who. It also speaks of immunity and susceptibility to different diseases like cholera (A and AB) and malaria (O). The example used is sickle-cell disease vs. malaria. It is known that many of the African population carry either one or both genes for sickle-cell anemia because of the link to the allele’s resistance to malaria. Ridley explains that many alleles of these type of alleles are difficult to get rid of because some contribute to the resistance of more severe diseases. Basically this chapter says there is no stable changes. Genome will keep changing and evolutionizing.
Thursday, May 31, 2012
chromosome 17
Death:
This chapter basically speaks of cancer. It explains to us that cells reproduce themselves at the wrong time. when cells are not stopped from reproducing incorrectly they produce cancer.A gene called TP53, on the short arm of chromosome 17, it is known as a tumor-suppressor gene. This genes are the opposite of oncogenes, which are genes that encourage cell growth. Oncogenes can cause cancer when they are doing work and tumor supressor genes can allow cancer to happen if they are not working. Detecting cancer early is important so we can prevent the cancer from spreading. Ridley explains that in various types of cancers TP53 is mutated very early, which is why chemotherapy and radiation therapy does not always work effectively in late stages of the disease. The chapter is named death for the reason that cancer is so deadly. The accumulation of cancer cells can create tumors over time and since there is no specific effective cure for cancer, it is critical that it is detected as early as possible.
This chapter basically speaks of cancer. It explains to us that cells reproduce themselves at the wrong time. when cells are not stopped from reproducing incorrectly they produce cancer.A gene called TP53, on the short arm of chromosome 17, it is known as a tumor-suppressor gene. This genes are the opposite of oncogenes, which are genes that encourage cell growth. Oncogenes can cause cancer when they are doing work and tumor supressor genes can allow cancer to happen if they are not working. Detecting cancer early is important so we can prevent the cancer from spreading. Ridley explains that in various types of cancers TP53 is mutated very early, which is why chemotherapy and radiation therapy does not always work effectively in late stages of the disease. The chapter is named death for the reason that cancer is so deadly. The accumulation of cancer cells can create tumors over time and since there is no specific effective cure for cancer, it is critical that it is detected as early as possible.
Chromosome 2
Species
In the twentieth century scientists thought there were 24 chromosomes in the human genome. Gorillas and chimpanzees have 24 chromosomes to our 23, because the human Chromosome #2 is a combination of two ape chromosomes. “Humans are an ecological success,” the only competition we have are domestic animals and we have colonized almost all habitats. In this chapter we discovered that humans and chimps genetically are 98% the same. There is no specific time in which there was a separation but scientists have discovered a split in the chimpanzee population. The human species was half of the population which developed a genetic mutation that did not allow breeding between both populations. Along with the human species they brought along different ways of sexual selection from the other two species. Humans brought methods like the monogamous system and attraction to more youthful mates. Monogamy shaped our hunting/gathering habits and a “sexual division of labor”. Ridley explains to us that the difference is found in the genes.
Thursday, March 8, 2012
BOW Invertebrates
Blog
Pick 3 invertebrates Compare them in terms of physical features and systems. Identify at least 3 similarities and 3 differences Include pictures and References
Starfish
-Echinoderms that belong to the class Asteroidea.
-Internal anatomy deals with a circulatory system(hemal system), digestive system, nervous system, water vascular system(locomotion), endoskeleton, respiration(coccurs through the tube feet and through papillae) and excretion.
-Bilateral symmetry as larval forms.
-5 rays or arms from it's central disk
-Capable of asexual and sexual reproduction.
-Dioecious(male and female)
-found in ocean
Jellyfish
-Transparent or transluscent.
-classes: Scyphozoa, Staurozoa, Cubozoa, Hydrozoa.
-found in ocean
-Most jellyfish do not have specialized digestive, osmoregulatory, central nervous, respiratory, or circulatory systems.
-Gastrovascular cavity where digestion takes place.
-Do not need a respiratory system because skin is thin enough that body is oxygenated by diffusion.
-hydrostatic skeleton.
-Don;t have a nervous system but have a nerve net located in the epidermis.
-Have ocelli for vision.
-Able to reproduce sexually and asexually.
-nematocysts
Coral
-Class: Anthozoa
-found in ocean.
-major contributors to coral reefs.
-require sunlight and grow in clear, shallow water.
-Can have porous skeletons or solid skeletons.
-Gastrovascular canals allowing the absorption of nutrients
-Exoskeleton
-Tentacles(nematocysts)
-Reproduce sexually or asexually.
sources:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coral#Anatomy
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jellyfish#Anatomy
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starfish#Internal_anatomy
Pick 3 invertebrates Compare them in terms of physical features and systems. Identify at least 3 similarities and 3 differences Include pictures and References
Starfish
-Echinoderms that belong to the class Asteroidea.
-Internal anatomy deals with a circulatory system(hemal system), digestive system, nervous system, water vascular system(locomotion), endoskeleton, respiration(coccurs through the tube feet and through papillae) and excretion.
-Bilateral symmetry as larval forms.
-5 rays or arms from it's central disk
-Capable of asexual and sexual reproduction.
-Dioecious(male and female)
-found in ocean
Jellyfish
-Transparent or transluscent.
-classes: Scyphozoa, Staurozoa, Cubozoa, Hydrozoa.
-found in ocean
-Most jellyfish do not have specialized digestive, osmoregulatory, central nervous, respiratory, or circulatory systems.
-Gastrovascular cavity where digestion takes place.
-Do not need a respiratory system because skin is thin enough that body is oxygenated by diffusion.
-hydrostatic skeleton.
-Don;t have a nervous system but have a nerve net located in the epidermis.
-Have ocelli for vision.
-Able to reproduce sexually and asexually.
-nematocysts
Coral
-Class: Anthozoa
-found in ocean.
-major contributors to coral reefs.
-require sunlight and grow in clear, shallow water.
-Can have porous skeletons or solid skeletons.
-Gastrovascular canals allowing the absorption of nutrients
-Exoskeleton
-Tentacles(nematocysts)
-Reproduce sexually or asexually.
sources:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coral#Anatomy
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jellyfish#Anatomy
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starfish#Internal_anatomy
Friday, March 2, 2012
5th Genome Entry
Chromosome 10 STRESS
In this chapter the gene known as CYP17 enables the conversion of cholesteral to cortisol and also testosterone to oestradiol. These steroids relate to the stress released by the brain. By signaling stress the brain sets genetic triggers. This causes genes to turn on and odd which brings into play other systems of the body, for example the immune system. Ridley begins to compare the human body and it's connections to the real life world outside of a body like the connections between systems, they all lead to a control. Everything that occurs in the human body is just like the outside, you have a control and that leads to systems.
In this chapter the gene known as CYP17 enables the conversion of cholesteral to cortisol and also testosterone to oestradiol. These steroids relate to the stress released by the brain. By signaling stress the brain sets genetic triggers. This causes genes to turn on and odd which brings into play other systems of the body, for example the immune system. Ridley begins to compare the human body and it's connections to the real life world outside of a body like the connections between systems, they all lead to a control. Everything that occurs in the human body is just like the outside, you have a control and that leads to systems.
Thursday, March 1, 2012
4th Genome Entry
Chromosome 4 FATE
In this part of Genome we are introduced to Huntington's disease and the motivation Nancy Wexler had. She was willing to find the root of this disease to dig deeper and to find a cure. By reading this chapter you learn that the repetition of CAG is something you might not like since it is the primary cause or symptom of Huntington's Disease. A repetitiong of about 35 times is normal anything above that is abnormal. With this disease you are incapable of your own life, your mind begins to deteriorate. It takes as long as fifteen to twenty five years for this to take place, depending on the amount of repetition. It doesn't matter how much you take care of yourself or how much you do not take care of yourself, you either have it or don't. Nancy had a half and half chance of having this gene herself which was probably the primary cause of her endeavor to finding the gene of this disease. It wa sproven that "more than a dozen human diseases are caused by expanded three-letter wor repeats- so-called polygltamine disease. It accumulates in chunks which eventually kill cells. Nancy was close to the gene, she never was tested or diagnosed, she called it "Mapping Fate" the fate of having a disease either through hereditary or through just simple fate.
In this part of Genome we are introduced to Huntington's disease and the motivation Nancy Wexler had. She was willing to find the root of this disease to dig deeper and to find a cure. By reading this chapter you learn that the repetition of CAG is something you might not like since it is the primary cause or symptom of Huntington's Disease. A repetitiong of about 35 times is normal anything above that is abnormal. With this disease you are incapable of your own life, your mind begins to deteriorate. It takes as long as fifteen to twenty five years for this to take place, depending on the amount of repetition. It doesn't matter how much you take care of yourself or how much you do not take care of yourself, you either have it or don't. Nancy had a half and half chance of having this gene herself which was probably the primary cause of her endeavor to finding the gene of this disease. It wa sproven that "more than a dozen human diseases are caused by expanded three-letter wor repeats- so-called polygltamine disease. It accumulates in chunks which eventually kill cells. Nancy was close to the gene, she never was tested or diagnosed, she called it "Mapping Fate" the fate of having a disease either through hereditary or through just simple fate.
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