Cell Wordle

In this unit our knowledge of cells expanded completely introducing us to bacteria, viruses and much more. It gives us an idea of the interactions each have. This unit includes everything from cells to reproduction to deadly diseases. I chose these words because I felt they were the main focus of the unit and each and every one of them have a unique meaning all connected to cells. Although not many include the simple word cell i them they all have something to do with a cell. Each word here has a background to interactions with the body of many organisms and it's cells.

Metabolism Wordle

I chose these words because i learned these words best as we went through this concepts. These were the words that were included in almost every important topic about metabolism. This process deals with many types of energy and a variety of products as well. Metabolism, cellular metabolism in specific deals with photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Both processes are known for making energy and food. Photosynthesis use sunlight to make energy and food for plants. Cellular respiration Breaks down chemical bonds of glucose into carbon dioxide and warer. The energy is released in form of ATP. I also chose words that first introduced us to what metabolism really is.

Time, Love, Memory

Time, Love, Memory by Jonathan Weiner is an interesting bool about the origins genetics and behavior. The author begins by observing genes and the structure of DNA and it introduces Drosophila. Drosophila was made possible by combining a variety of theories in order to establish a final theory of genetics. Here scientists(students) were able to grasp the concept of genes and their ability of mutation. In order to reach the inner roots of genetics many were required to study the behavior of genes.Benzer worked on separating flies to determine the different natures of behavior. The experiments dealt with time and studies determined the importance of memory in a fly's genes and also love which was the ability to reproduce. In conclusion this book brings together ideas from all over the place in order to solve and answer one question. Working together incorporating ideas and theories helped these scientists determine the nature of life and how life comes about. This book not only informs us scientifically but it also sends a message to our world that motivated people with questions will find a way to answer their questions.


(under construction)

On Societies as Organisms

In this article Lewis Thomas begins to compare the abilities of an insect to the abilities of a human.Many insects are looked down upon as pests and unnecessary creatures of the earth.In reality insects are an important part of our world who are capable of things humans aren't capable of. Lewis specifically uses termites in comparison to humans to prove that both have similar behavior but both are extremely different and unique. "...Insects are like creature from another planet,that their behavior is absolutely foreign, totally unhuman,unearthly, almost unbiological. They are more like perfectly tooled but crazy little machines, and we violate science when we try to read human meanings in their arrangements." Organisms have different abilities in different circumstances and the earth helps make a home that can benefit the world in return.

a fear of pheromones

In this article we speak of the "what if's" of pheromones. Questions like "what are we going to do if turns out that we have pheromones?"(16)questinos human ability to determine whether pheromones are good for us humans or not. The author mentions many organisms that depend on pheromones like female mosses who are able to "attract a trillion males at the instant."(17) So if organisms need pheromones to survive therefor he asks; is it necessary for humans to have pheromones? I agree with the author because humans prove to be able to produce and maintain pheromones to their advanatage.Not only humans prove this to be true but dogs also prove that humans are more than able to produce pheromones for a positive aspects of life. Humans not only use them to their advantage but many other organisms do it as well. Perhaps by producing pheromones humans will thrive even more than they have until now.

lives of a cell

This article was worth reading because it required effort from the reader. It created thoughts and questions in the reader's mind for example it allowed to ask ourselves if man is really the head hancho of the world. Are we? Nope. "Man is embedded in nature"(3) we are the habitat not the habitaters. This article brings out the truth about man and cells and the role of each. Man uses it's abilities to view the nature of life. It also begins to compare ecosystems how cells take over organisms and organisms take over different habitats.I agree with much of the article. It proves us wrong with the thought that "man is best". We are wrong! We are all organisms and together we all form a part of the earth in our own unique ways.

phyla of protozoa

sporozoa
-large and diverse
-travel from host to host in spores
-have no cilia and no flagella
-form to survive harsh environmental conditions.
-In blood
-Cause illnesses like malaria
-Nonmotile, unicellular protists
-Ex. Plasmodium

amoebas
-do not have cilia
-move using pseudopods (
-heterotrophs
-Amoeba proteus
-one or more nuclei
-food is digested in vacuoles
-reproduce asexually by mitosis and cytokinesis

ciliophora
-8000 species
-example paramecium
-move with cilia
-heterotroph
-feed off of bacteria or algae
-reproduce sexually or asexually
-freshwater organism

Flagellates
-swim through water using flagella
-known as green algae
-thick cell membrane
-single-celled
-reproduce by binary fission


http://wordinfo.info/unit/3454/ip:10/il:S
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amoeba
http://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/Ciliophora
http://www.environmentalleverage.com/Flagellates.htm

Major Plant Division

BYROPHYTES
first major plant divisions
three phyla of byrophytes:
mosses, liverworts, and hornworts
Mosses
-most familiar byrophytes.
-Byrophyte gametophytes are a few cells thick
-come from meristems.
-liverworts, hornworts, and mosses came about independently early in plant evolution.
-gametophyte is the dominant generation in the life cycles.

GYMNOSPERMS
-conifers
-lack enclosed ovaries
-gymnosperm ovules and seeds develop on the scales of cones.
-The four phyla of gymnosperms are ginkgo, cycads, gnetophytes, and conifers.
-550 species of conifers

PTERIDOPHYTES: SEEDLESS VASCULAR PLANTS
-phylum Lycophyta and phylum Pterophyta.
-Pteridophytes provide clues to the evolution of roots and leaves.
-The tissue system in this root is similar to that of the stems of early vascular plants.
-Lycophytes(modern vascular plants), have small leaves with a single branched vein(evolved from tissue flaps on the surface of stems)
-leaves are known as microphylls which means "small leaves".
-leaves of other vascular plants are known as megaphylls, means "large leaves".
-lack seeds, but provide steps to the evolution of life cycle adaptations

ANGIOSPERMS
-flowering plants
-vascular seed plants
-produce flowers and fruits.
-placed in a single phylum(Anthophyta)
-the monocots and the dicots,monocots have leaves with veins running straight across and dicots have leaves similar to that of an oak leaf.
-flower is an angiosperm structure thats specializes in reproduction.
-Fruits help spread seeds of angiosperms.

microbal zoo

What is a microbe?
A microbe is any living organism that spends itslife at a size too tiny to be seen with the naked eye.
List the FOUR MAJOR groups of microbes.
Prokaryotes, Eukaryotes, Viruses, and Prions.
What is microbial ecology?
Microbial ecology is the study of microbes in theenvironment and the role of microbes. It’s also the study of microbialinteractions with plants and animals.
1. Dirtland:
Ag Acres
Agrobacterium tumefaciens: This bacterium produces tumors called galls (growths) on the stems ofplants.
Burkholderia cepacia
: This bacterium rots onion roots.
2. Ponds
Rhodospirillum rubrum:This purple bacterium contains chlorophyll a or b and requires simpleorganic compounds for carbon
Chromatium
: This purple sulfur bacterium require hydrogen sulfide as an electron andhydrogen donor to make food in the way plants require water as an electron andhydrogen donor.
Chlorobium: This green sulfur bacteria requires sulfur to live.

2.Animal Pavilion
Habitat on Humanity
Helicobacter Pylori: Lives in stomach a part called antrum
E. Coli: provides vitamin K and some vitamin B
Bifidobacterium : Lives in intestines of newborn.
Cow Rumen
Entodinium Dividing: Protists thrive inside the rumen
Pilobolus: Grows on dung
Vibrio Cholera: Cause of cholera
Snack Bar
Yeast - Produces alcohol
Lactobacillus : Produce acid that helps get rid of the seed pod of chocolate beans
Bacillus Spore: Resting stage of bacterium like that used to make Natto
Lactobacillus: Bacterium can digest lactose; produce yogurt
Space Adventure
Frequent Flyers
Bacillus Megaterium: Produce single spore
Spores and Threads : Springy fibers act as microscopic slingshots to hurl these slime mold spores aloft
Pilobolus: Launches spores to sun
Microbes of waste water Biosphere II
Soil contains billions of microbes
Water World
Pond
Algae - Microscopic or macroscopic, known as kelp
-Members of Kingdom Protista
Anabaena
-Fix own carbon and nitrogen in atmosphere
Gleocapsa: Spherical shaped green bacteria in ponds
Chlorobium: Green sulfur bacteria nreds sulfur to live
Amoeba: Surrounds food with body to eat
Rotifer - Small protists as complex as larger animals
Deep Sea Thermal Vents
Pipe Slimers - Stuff on shower curtain
Salty Sea( Halophiles)- Live in high concentration of salt
Sediment: Microbes live in bottom of lakes and rivers in sediments
Luminescent Bacteria: have lights that allow them to swim in dark
Ocean – anaerobic bacteria

Bacteria vs Virus vs Protist vs Prion

bacteria

protist

prion

virus

Blog 11 Cell Poem

AP Bio
BOW
Write a poem about a cell. Be sure to use vocabulary and demonstrate your understanding of that cell. Go to the class website for examples
Cell Poem
If I were a cell
Id be the structure of life
If I were a cell
I'd be eukaryotic or prokartotic
If I were a cell
I'd have a nucleus or perhaps not
If I were a cell
I would live in animals,bacteria, plants perhaps in a flower where the leaves penetrate the light of the sun and shines in your eyes
If I were a cell
I would be organized and keep all your body's info private unlike your Fb account
If I were a cell
I would move just because my flagella says I shouldn't be so lazy
If I were a cell
I'd live just for you
I promise, if I were a cell
I'd be just your structure of life.

blog 10 beneficial bacteria

Lactobacillales
-Order of gram-positive bacteria
-Found in nature. Places like soil, water, plants and animals.
-Used in production of fermented foods.(dairy product and wine products)

Bacillus thuringiensis
-Gram-positive often used as biological pesticide.
-Occurs in many insects caterpillars, moths and butterflies. Also in dark places of plants.
-Produce crysrak porteins used for insecticidal action.(insecticides)

Bifidobacteria
-A genus of Gram-positive, non-motile (branched anaerobic bacteria)
-Major genera of bacteria that make up colon flora in mammals.
-Some bifidobacteria are used as probiotics.
-"Lactobacillus bifidus".
-Used in food industry.
-Used for regulation of intestinal microbial homeostasis and more.
-Makes it difficult for gram-negative bacteria to grow in mother's milk.
-Ferments carbohydrates.










http://www.livestrong.com/article/355815-list-of-beneficial-bacteria-for-humans/
http://www.brighthub.com/science/genetics/articles/60237.aspx
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probiotic

blog 8 transduction/transformation

Whathappens in bacterial transformation and transduction

Boyerand Cohen attempt combining ligated plasmids into the E.Coli. Using pastexperiments they use both bacterial and DNA and mix them by raising andlowering the temperature creating a heat shock. They then induce the bacteriato take plasmid DNA. Taking the transformed bacteria containing both type of resistance that could grow in presence of both antibiotics.This results consistently with the bacteria being transformed with a recombined plasmid(including tet and kan gene). Some bacteria is doubly transformed by religated versions of the original plasmids.